753 BC: Legendary founding of Rome by Romulus and Remus.
509-27 BC: Roman Republic era, with Rome governed as a republic with elected officials.
44 BC: Assassination of Julius Caesar, leading to a period of civil war and political turmoil.
27 BC-14 AD: Augustus becomes the first Roman emperor and establishes the Roman Empire, marking the end of the Roman Republic era.
43-410 AD: Roman expansion and conquests, including the conquest of Britain, and the establishment of Roman provinces throughout Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa.
64 AD: Great Fire of Rome leads to persecution of Christians and later, the martyrdom of Saints Peter and Paul.
69-96 AD: Reign of the Flavian dynasty, including the construction of the Colosseum.
117 AD: Peak of Roman Empire, with the empire stretching from Spain to Mesopotamia.
284-305 AD: Diocletian reforms the Roman Empire, including dividing the empire into East and West.
312 AD: Battle of Milvian Bridge and the conversion of Emperor Constantine to Christianity.
395 AD: The Roman Empire is divided into Western and Eastern halves.
410 AD: The Visigoths sack Rome, marking the first time Rome was invaded in over 800 years.
476 AD: The Western Roman Empire falls, with the Eastern Roman Empire (later known as the Byzantine Empire) continuing until 1453 AD.